Cutlery.



GRAH.

GUTLERY.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 29, 1908.

91 3 ,207. Patented Feb. 23, 1909.

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{a /t?/en 07" B J WW AZ W Z Attorney Witnesses: :5

ALBERT GRAlEI, or CINCINNATI, 01.1.10.

comer.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 23, 1909.

Application filed June 29, 1908; Serial No. 440,885.

To allwhom it may concern: Be it known that I, ALBERT GRAH, a citizen ofthe'United States, residing at Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton andState of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inCutlery, of which the following is a specification.

for 1ts object the provision of sharp' serrations or 'teeth on the edgeof a knife or shear blade that may be maintained thereon when said bladeis sharpened repeatedly.

My invention consists in a blade having a sharp edge formed by bevelingthe blade on one side and having striations on the side opposite to thebevel, said striations extending at an angle t6 the sharp edge andterminating at the sharp edge, whereby they form in conjunctionv withthe bevel, shar serrations or teeth on said sharp edge, and whereby,when the sharp edge is renewed, said teeth-are maintained. I

In the drawin Figure 1 is a side elevation' of a air 0 shearsembodying'my inventioni 2 is a side elevation of a knife blade embo yinmy invention. Fig. 3 is an elevation of t e knife-blade illustrated inFig. 2 looking toward the shar edge. Fig. 4 is an end elevation of thekni e blade illus trated in Figs. 2 and 3. Fig. 5. is a side elevationof part of a blade, illustrating a modification of m invention. Fig. 6is a' View, similar to Fig. 5, illustrating another modification. Fig. 7is a side elevation of part of a blade, enlarged, illustrating theormation of the teeth by.the striations illus trated in Figs. 1 and 2.Fig. 8 is a cross section on a line corresponding to of Fig. 7. Fi 9 isa side elevation of part of a b ade, en arged, illustrating theformation of the teeth by the striations illustrated in Fig. 5 when thestriations do not cross each other on the shar edger Fig. 10 is a viewsimilar to Fi 9 illustrating the formation of the teeth the striationsillustrated in Fig.5 when t ey cross on the sharp edge.

Fig. 11 is a cross section on the liney-g'of Fig. 1. v

hearblades provided with serrated or toothed edges are advantageous overthose having smooth edges for certain purposes,

such as hair'cutting and for use in cutting coarse or hard materialssuch as leather, paste-board or paper, in that they enter the materialand prevent "the slipping of the blades. The advantages of a toothed orsha teria and cut it as well. Where this is the serrated edge on knivesfor certain uses'are well known, the teeth in these instances having, acutting function similar to that of the teeth of'a saw. Shears have beenprovided having'the edges of one or both blades serrated or toothed; insome such shears, the

toothed or serrated edge has a holding func- My invention relatesv tocutlery, and has tion, the teeth being merely formed with shar not beingprovided with sharp edges for cutting it,in which instances, the otherblade should be smooth and sharp to perform the cutting.

Other shears have been provided with teeth having sharp cutting edges,as well as points, so that they may hold the ma case, both edges of theshears may be provided with-teeth. Whether either'one or both of theblades is provided with .teeth, when the teeth have sharp cuttin edges,it may be readily understood that t e cuttin efficiency of the shears isreatly increase l due to the well known sli mg action of the. shearblades in conjunction with the sharp edges of the teeth, which may bepresented opposite to the direction of said sliding ac- A shear bladehaving a serrated or toothed edge, whether the teeth have sharp cuttingrupted insertion of the blades endwise into the-mass of hair, and arealso best adapted for holding the hairs after the blades have beeninserted. a

The action of a serrated or toothed ed e of a knife, being similar tothe action of the toothed edge of a saw, is so well known thatnodescription need here. be given. However, the production of serrated ortoothed ed es on saws, knives or shear blades hereto ore hasbeenaccomplished by filing the teeth directly on the edge of the blade.Thesharpening of a blade provided with teeth in this manner, as is wellknown in connection with the sharpening of saws, requires the inding orfiling of each individual tooth: involving the greatest of care tomaintain the uniformity of the teeth.

It is obvious that, in order to be practical,

striations 2, extending at an angle to the sharp edge of the blade whichis formed by providing the blade with the bevel 3 on v one side only. Asis usual in the construction of shears, this bevel 3 is provided on theblade 1 on the outside thereof, or on the w side opposite to thecontacting and coiiperating blade 9. The striations 2 are provided onthe straight side 4 and terminate on the sharp edgeformed by the bevel3, forming the teeth 5. By providing the striations 2 so that they areinclined, from the backof the shear blade to the sharp edge thereof,

'toward the pivotal point of the shears, the

teeth 5, thus provided, are also inclined to,

ward said pivotal point, with the advantages hereinbefore mentioned. I

As illustrated in Fig. 1, the blade 1 only 3 is provided with thestriations 2 which form the teeth 5, while the sharp edge of the blade 9is left smooth. Thusconstructed, the teeth 5 are depended upon to holdthe material to be cut while the blade 9 performs the cutting, ashereinbefore described.

The knife blade l may be provided with striations 2, and a bevel 3 onone side only, the striationsbeing on the flat side 4 of the blade,opposite the bevel, in which case, teeth 5 will be formed on its sharpedge, similar to the teeth 5 formed on the shear blade 1. Teeth ofmodified form may be' produced on a blade by providing striations 2running in directions at right angles to each other and crossing eachother as shown in Figf 5. of the drawing. These striations may crosseach other directly on the cutting edge or may cross each other at apoint short there of, in each case roducing teeth ofdifi'erentformation. A blade maybe provided with curved striations 2 asillustrated in Fig. 6 of the drawin in which case, the teeth formed onthe s arp edge will be similar to those formed by the straightstriations 2,

but will be sli htly modified at each repeated sharpening o the blade,due to the constant change of direction of the striations. Suchsuccessive modification of the teeth will be found of advantage incertain instances", where it is desired that the form of'the teeth shallchange to correspond to the change of the form of the blade incident tothe sharpening. It is obvious that' with the use of such curvedstriations and with the possibility. of inclining them to as great anextent as may be necessary, a great range of adjustment of the formofthe teeth ispossible.

that the more closelythe striations approach .a direction parallel tothe sharp edge of the blade, the longer, and the more inclined to theline of the cutting edge, will the teeth be. I

It .will also be noted, upon inspection of Figs. 7 and 8' of thedrawing, that a sharp edge 5. is formed between each of the teeth 5,constituting the inner termination of the recess formed between theteeth 5 by the striations 2. A blade thus provided with the striations 2combines with the teeth 5, and the recesses therebetween, and thecutting edges 5*. in said recesses. Thus, such a blade will have both aholding and a cutting function, making it possible to provide a shearwith two such blades as hereinbefore set forth, while, at the same time,the blade may be sharpened by merely abrading its bevel 3 in thewellknown manner.

A blade combining the holding and cutting functions makes it unnecessaryto provide a blade in a shear, for any p11rpose,'with teeth formed onone part of the edge thereof for holding the material, and a continuouscutting edge on another part thereof for operating in conjunction with acontinuous edged cutting blade, such as has heretofore been disclosed.This is due to the fact that not only are cutting edges produced "in therecesses between the teeth 5, butthe teeth 5 have their cutting edgescontinuous, and due to the inclination of the striations '2 to the sharpedge of the blade, the sides of the teeth 5, in the recesses betweenthem, are alsosharpened. Thus, not only is a blade produced combiningserrations and a continuous cutting edge, but the effective length ofthe cutting edge of the blade is increased to a considerable extent overthat of a blade having a smooth cutting edge, -whether it has suchsmooth cutting edge in combination with a separate series of teeth forholding the material or whether it is without such teeth.

In the construction of a. blade with aof the well known and desiredacute angle used in bevelin the blades of shears, that the operating ege of the blade must be of channeledformation with its surface slopingaway from the smooth cutting edge at one side, and away from the teethat the other.

1 side, toward the middle, the smooth cutting edge being on the inside,adapted to come adjacent to the edge of the cooperating cutting blade.If such channeled formation is not present, the holding blade mustnecessarily present toward its cooperating cutting blade an obtuseangle, the cuttin efliciency ,of which is far. inferior'to that o the"acute angle generally employed. By providing a shear blade 1 having thebevel 3 on the slde opposite to the cooperatin blade 9, as is usual inthe construction oi shears, and by providing the striations 2 on thefiat side l of the blade, adjacent to the cooperating blade 9, the acuteangle of the operating edge, with all its advantages, is produced, whilethe serrations or teeth 5 are also produced, having the holding andcutting functions combined. Variations of the teeth may be attained byemploying striations that cross each other, as illustrated in Figs. 5, 9and 10 of the drawing. Thus, it will be noted that in Fig. 9, where thestriations cross each other at points shdrt of the sharp edge of theblade, the teeth 6 are relatively small and each has a relatively largeproportion of cutting edge, while the teeth alternating therewith are ofa difl erent character with a smaller relative proportion of cuttingedge, but adapted to cooperate with the teeth 6 in bringing theparticles of the materialto be cut against-the edges of the teeth 6.Such a formation of teeth is especially desirable in a knife blade,since the cutting is thus performed upon the movement oi the bladeinboth directions. This is also true of the teeth provided inthe-modification illustrated in Fig. 10 of the drawing, where'thestriations 2*- cross at points along the sharp edge of the blade, andwhere a single series of teeth 8 similar to each other are providedsomewhat resemblin the teeth 6, provided in the modification i lustratedin Fig. 9, but being coarser and having a smaller propor tion of cuttingedge.

My invention is especiallfy adapted for producing an efiicient kni e forcutting bread, as illustrated in Fig. 2 of the drawing, the serrated orroughened edge being adapted to more readily en age and cut through thebread without pac ing or press-' ing the particles of bread together, asfreflueutly occurs with the straight edged bread Having fully describedmy invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patentis:

1. In hand cutlery, a blade having a sharp continuous serrated cuttingedge formed by providing the blade with abevel on one side and with aseriesof striations on the side opposite to the bevel, said striationsextending obliquely to and forming part of said continuous cutting edgeand being inclined along the cutting edge toward the handle, in

combination with a cooperating blade engaging therewith along the sharpcontinuous cutting edge on the side opposite to the bevel and adjacentto the side on which the blade has the striations, whereby thestriations in conjunction with the bevel form a combined holding andcutting means, and whereby when the sharp edge is renewed saidserrations are maintained as part of said continuous cutting edge,substantially as set forth and for the pur oses specified. I

2. In cutlery, a bla e having a sharp edge formed by providing the bladewith a bevel on one side, and having striations on the side opposite tothe bevel, said striations extending at an angle to the sharp edge, partof the striations crossing the other striations and terminating at thesharp edge, whereb they form in conjunction with the beve serrations orteeth onsaid sharp edge having acute cutting edges presented 1n bothdirections and adapted to be maintained acute by the uniform abrasion ofthe bevel of the blade.

ALBERT GRAH.

Witnesses:

JAMES N. RAMSEY, CLARENCE PERDEW.

